Criteria	Coaching	Psychotherapy
Definition	Coaching is "a method of directing, instructing and training a person or group of people, with the aim to achieve some goal or develop specific skills. There are many ways to coach, types of coaching and methods to coaching." 1*	Psychotherapy is based on DSM-IV diagnosable disorders. "The treatment of mental and emotional disorders through the use of psychological techniques designed to encourage communication of conflicts and insight into problems, with the goal being relief of symptoms, changes in behavior leading to improved social and vocational functioning, and personality growth."2*
Philosophy	Action/results oriented. Well functioning client identifies an area in life they would like to improve. Emphasis is on life as it is today. Goal(s) are set, and steps are identified to accomplish goal(s).	Process oriented. Emphasis is on strengthening the person through understanding past experiences, who they are, and what if any changes in their life they choose to adopt.
Self Referrals	Connotation - the person feels good and looking to be even better, seeking assistance for self improvement and growth. Client is highly motivated with a strong desire to accomplish their goal(s).	Connotation - something is wrong and help is being sought. The client may be reluctant to take action, but understands that the assistance of a professional is beneficial.
Process	Partnering to identify the steps necessary to achieve an identified personal and/or professional goal. Emphasis is on "action, accountability and follow through." 3* Coaches can work with individual clients or for corporations.	Partnering to achieve greater self understanding of a feeling or behavior, and to determine what if any action(s) the client will choose to take to avoid repeating a non-productive one, a pattern. Focus is on the cause and resolution of a behavior, with the goal of effecting change. Psychotherapy is typically for individuals, families and groups.
Format/setting	Typically telephonically. 30 minute sessions. Contracts established, can allow for quick calls and emails to assist the client in staying on track.	Typically 30 minute or 45 minute in person sessions.
Training	Non-standardized requirements in numerous programs.	Conducted in accredited universities. Based on standards by the discipline of the specific credential. Based on standards set by State in which the professional practices. Seeks/obtains supervision on an ongoing basis. Has experienced and/or is currently in therapy.
Oversight agencies	Non-regulated. Each training organization has unique feature.	State agencies. Professional monitoring by educational institutions recognized by the state.
Payment parameters	Private pay.	Private pay. Third party insurance. Federal reimbursement.
Concerns	No United States licensure requirements No educational standards or training No required supervision to ensure skills are appropriate for their client, and crossing over to therapeutic boundaries. No evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of the training for the treatment of specific psychological conditions.	Lack of discourse risks haphazard and potentially unprincipled practices, including identifying oneself as a coach to circumvent licensure or to avoid having to adhere to professional ethical standards (see for example, "Agency Restricts Internet Counseling," 2000).